Archive for the ‘Literary Criticism’ Category

Monday Miscellany

Monday, January 30th, 2012

America’s Most Literate Cities, 2011

Drawing from a variety of available data resources, the America’s Most Literate Cities study ranks the largest cities (population 250,000 and above) in the United States. This study focuses on six key indicators of literacy: newspaper circulation, number of bookstores, library resources, periodical publishing resources, educational attainment, and Internet resources.

And here are the top ten:

  1. Washington, DC
  2. Seattle, WA
  3. Minneapolis, MN
  4. Atlanta, GA
  5. Boston, MA
  6. Pittsburgh, PA
  7. Cincinnati, OH
  8. St. Louis, MO
  9. San Francisco, CA
  10. Denver, CO

Chicago Tribune introducing new book section as premium paid content

With so many newspapers eliminating book review sections, it’s good to hear of one adding more book coverage. But there is, of course, a catch: a $99/year charge for the premium content.

The literary publication represents an effort by the newspaper to explore the concept of premium paid content as a means to bolster revenue beyond the traditional subscription and advertising model.

“It’s a new approach to content creation and delivery,” said Gerould Kern, senior vice president and editor of the Chicago Tribune. “Audiences want very specialized information, and we are going to give them that.”

The new section “will feature 24 pages of book reviews, author interviews and Chicago-focused literary news, along with a weekly bonus book of short fiction.”

But will readers pay $99 a year for material similar to what they can find online for free?

Guess What’s Next: Literary Predictions for 2012

The Center for Fiction asked a group of publishers, booksellers, literary agents, and book critics what changes in the world of literature they expect to see this year:

Drive-thru bookstores, hybrid forms, fake memoirs, celebration and regret as the cultural gatekeepers lose their keys….Here’s what might be on the horizon

Some of my worst friends are books

They offer consolation, wisdom, company of a kind, but they’re really not interested in you

Writing in the U. K. Guardian, Rick Gekoski looks at the relationship between books and their readers:

It is instructive, and a little alarming, to observe how highly literary people write about the crises in their own lives, and the role that books can play in responding to them. Reading Joan Didion on the sudden death of her husband, or John Sutherland on the collapse of his life through alcoholism, I am struck and surprised, both envious and a little chagrined, by how literary their frame of reference is. In the midst of the crisis, or, what is somewhat different, in the midst of the recollecting and recounting of that crisis, a major reflex is to turn, for consolation and understanding, to favourite and esteemed authors.

Without readers there would be no books, and therefore no writers. “Writers and readers coexist and invent and reinvent each other in some symbiotic way,” Gekoski writes, and in that way we incorporate into ourselves what we learn from books:

one can hardly distinguish a sense of “self” which isn’t composed, in part, of the voices that we have introjected: from parents, teachers, lovers, books. And in times of trouble we consult them all, unwind the threads to reanimate the individual voices, seek consolation. After all, most of our serious literature is about human misery. If you want a happy message buy a greetings card. Happiness is something you feel, for a time; unhappiness is what you write and read about.

Gekoski’s conclusion:

For there to be a conversation – a dialogue – there have to be at least two active participants. That’s company. A book is not company. We engage with it, argue with it, carry it around in our pockets and minds, are haunted by memories of it for years. But it doesn’t argue back, doesn’t engage, never inquires how our day has been, gives only what it wishes. Books are selfish. Everything, every word, is on their terms.

That’s what I like about them.

Well, yes and no. I don’t believe that every word is on the book’s term. Different readers find different meanings in the same books according to their own needs, their own unique blend of temperament and experiences. And an individual may read the same book differently at different times in life, with an understanding shaped by current conditions. What most readers experience is a transactional exchange of knowledge with a book in which the reader and the book continually interact with each other.

I would argue that this type of conversation—of dialogue—goes on between books and their readers all the time.

14 Literary Settings Inspired by Real Places

In Mental Floss Stacy Conradt offers a list of “a handful of “fictional” places you can actually visit”:

  1. Mark Twain’s Hannibal, Missouri
  2. West Egg from The Great Gatsby
  3. Laura Ingalls’s Little House in DeSmet, North Dakota
  4. Holden Caulfield’s New York City
  5. Klickitat Street in Portland, Oregon, where Ramona Quimby and her creator, Beverly Cleary, grew up
  6. Winnie-the-Pooh’s Hundred-Acre Wood
  7. The house of the seven gables in Salem, Massachusetts
  8. H. P. Lovecraft’s The Shunned House in Providence, Rhode Island
  9. Leopold Bloom’s (and James Joyce’s) Dublin
  10. Thoreau’s Walden Pond
  11. Sleepy Hollow, otherwise known as North Tarrytown, New York
  12. Agatha Christie’s Majestic Hotel, actually the Imperial Hotel in in Torquay, England
  13. The Spaniards Inn in London, source of inspiration for John Keats, Bram Stoker, and Charles Dickens
  14. Several possible models for Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island

Monday Miscellany

Monday, January 23rd, 2012

And the Nominees Are . . .

Last week saw the announcements of nominations for two big sets of literary prizes.

Mystery Writers of America has announced the nominees for the 2012 Edgar Allan Poe Awards, honoring the best in mystery fiction and nonfiction in the following categories: best novel, best first novel by an American author, best paperback original, best fact crime, best critical/biographical, best short story, best juvenile, best young adult, and the Simon & Schuster Mary Higgins Clark Award.

Winners will be announced at a banquet in New York on April 26.

The National Book Critics Circle announced the finalists for its book awards for the publishing year 2011 in the following categories: fiction, nonfiction, autobiography, biography, criticism, and poetry.

Winners will be announced on March 8 in New York.

Goodreads in the News

Goodreads, a social networking site for readers and authors, has gotten a lot of press recently. Full disclosure: I use Goodreads, as you can see from the sidebar, although I have no personal stake in it. I enjoy seeing what other people are reading, and it’s a good place to keep track of my own books read. But while I like to see how my friends react to certain books, I very seldom read reviews by people I don’t know.

So I was intrigued recently when I saw a reference on Twitter to Anne Riley’s blog entry Breaking Up with Goodreads. It turns out that Riley is an author. She offers these reasons for deleting her Goodreads account:

The first two reasons are simple: childish behavior on the parts of both authors and reviewers (I’m sure you’ve all seen the Goodreads drama that has unfolded on two separate occasions within the past month, so I’ll refrain from posting links) and ineffectiveness as a marketing tool for myself as a writer.

But this is what really sealed the deal for me: Goodreads always made me feel pressured to leave favorable reviews–no matter how I actually felt about the book.

Riley explains in detail how uncomfortable she felt whenever fellow authors asked her to review their books: To avoid damaging her relationship with an author, she felt pressured to leave a favorable review, no matter what she actually thought of the book. Then those favorable reviews often caused Riley’s friends to ask her how she could have recommended such a bad book.

Once I read Riley’s explanation, I could certainly understand her situation. And it’s a situation that I, as just a reader, had not thought of. But while I was glad to see the case from an author’s perspective, I’m going to continue to use Goodreads myself, as I always have. I’m not an author, and I’m therefore just not in the same situation as Riley, although I can understand why she dumped Goodreads.

In other news, a flame war erupted on Goodreads between readers, authors, and agents, as Julie Bertagna explains in the U. K. Guardian‘s book blog entry YA novel readers clash with publishing establishment:

A literary punch-up that had been brewing for a while finally erupted between a bunch of readers, authors and agents on Goodreads – the vast online site where millions of members discuss the world’s books. In the same week that award-winning children’s writer Anthony McGowan caused a stir with his “scorching” Guardian review of Blood Red Road by Costa winner Moira Young, the Goodreads flame war flared across Twitter, sparked by writers and agents who seemed to be stamping on negative reviews.

It all started with a “snarky” (or “honest”, depending on who’s side you’re on) review of a much-hyped YA novel, Tempest by Julie Cross, just published in the UK by Macmillan Children’s Books (read an extract here). A sarcastic response and put-downs of reader views on the Goodreads site by Cross’s author friends, and comments by her agent, caused outrage. While Cross responded gracefully, other YA authors and agents took the fight to Twitter in a spectacularly misjudged bout of reader-bashing. . . .

This kind of thing has been going on as long as the internet has been around. And before that, we had verbal sparring in print about written literary criticism.

As any writer will tell you, along with learning the craft an author must develop a thick skin. Bertagna puts it well in her conclusion:

The hardest thing a writer has to learn is that once you publish a book, it’s no longer truly yours – even though it’s got your name on the front and it lives inside you. It belongs to the readers now. All you can do is steel yourself as you push it out into the world, stay gracious, and get busy with the next one.

 

 

Monday Miscellany

Monday, January 9th, 2012

Finally, Out with the Old Year. . .

In what I promise will be the last list of “best books of 2011″ reported here, Washington Post book critic Ron Charles summarizes his favorite novels of 2011 in the following categories:

  • most devastating
  • best Western
  • weirdest sex
  • best seafaring tale
  • most metaphysical
  • best novel about novels
  • best modern-day feminist “Huck Finn”
  • best novel about Katrina
  • second best Western
  • easiest to recommend
  • best environmental novel
  • best foodie novel
  • best magicians
  • best music novel
  • best novel about the Apocalypse

. . . And in with the New

The Millions (and if you haven’t yet seen this site, you should take a look) offers its extensive list Most Anticipated: The Great 2012 Book Preview:

readers this year can look forward to new Toni Morrison, Richard Ford, Peter Carey, Lionel Shriver, and, of course, newly translated Roberto Bolaño, as well as, in the hazy distance of this coming fall and beyond, new Michael Chabon, Hilary Mantel, and John Banville. We also have a number of favorites stepping outside of fiction. Marilynn Robinson and Jonathan Franzen have new essay collections on the way. A pair of plays are on tap from Denis Johnson. A new W.G. Sebald poetry collection has been translated. And Nathan Englander and Jonathan Safran Foer have teamed to update a classic Jewish text. But that just offers the merest suggestion of the literary riches that 2012 has on offer.

The list comprises 81 titles and is arranged by month of publication.

The Christian Science Monitor joins in with its list 20 non-fiction books to watch for in 2012. The CSM always offers its lists in one-per-page format, so don’t click on this one when you’re short on time or patience.

For audiobook fans, Publishers Weekly provides its January Audiobook Release Roundup with links to offerings from the following audio publishers:

Cat Women of the Moon

This link will take you to a two-part BBC audio program by Sarah Hall about the popular motif in science fiction of an all-women society surviving without men.

Street-smart Walter Dean Myers named national ambassador for children’s literature

 Walter Dean Myers, the author of “Fallen Angels,” “Sunrise Over Fallujah,” Monster,” “Hoops” and other hard-hitting novels for youth, has been named the new national ambassador for children’s literature. He succeeds Katherine Paterson (“A Bridge to Terabithia”), who had served in the spot since 2010.

Further:

“The choice of Mr. Myers represents a departure from his predecessors and is likely to be seen as a bold statement,” Julie Bosman wrote in The New York Times.”His books chronicle the lives of many urban teenagers, especially young, poor African-Americans. While his body of work includes poetry, nonfiction and the occasional cheerful picture book for children, its standout books offer themes aimed at young-adult readers: stories of teenagers in violent gangs, soldiers headed to Iraq and juvenile offenders imprisoned for their crimes.

“While many young-adult authors shy away from such risky subject material, Mr. Myers has used his books to confront the darkness and despair that fill so many children’s lives.”

Humans have the need to read

Gail Rebuck reports on research about how getting lost in a good book transforms the human brain:

Psychologists from Washington University used brain scans to see what happens inside our heads when we read stories. They found that “readers mentally simulate each new situation encountered in a narrative“. The brain weaves these situations together with experiences from its own life to create a new mental synthesis. Reading a book leaves us with new neural pathways.

Anyone who has ever gotten lost in a good book knows about the transformative power of reading. Perhaps the most important quality of reading “is its emotional role as the starting point for individual voyages of personal development and pleasure. Books can open up emotional, imaginative and historical landscapes.” Without the kinds of experiences reading provides, Rebuck warns, the species will suffer: “The research shows that if we stop reading, we will be different people: less intricate, less empathetic, less interesting.”

In related news, Nicholas Carr, whom Rebuck cites in her article, offers an excerpt from his essay “The Dreams of Readers,” “in which I mull over my own experience as a reader and try to connect it with some of the interesting new research, by scholars like Keith Oatley at the University of Toronto, that’s being done on the psychology of literary reading.” The complete essay appears in the book Stop What You’re Doing and Read This!, published by Vintage Books, which is available as a paperback in the U.K. and as an e-book in the U.S. Other contributors to the book include Zadie Smith, Mark Haddon, Tim Parks, and Blake Morrison. The work of Keith Oatley and others is available at OnFiction: An Online Magazine on the Psychology of Fiction.

2011: The Literary Year in Review

Saturday, December 31st, 2011

It’s New Year’s Eve, a good time to look back on what’s happened in the literary world this year.

Here are two more “best books” lists I think I’ve missed, NPR’s choices of The Best Music Books of 2011 and 2011′s Best American Poetry.

Britain’s The Telegraph provides comprehensive coverage in The Literary Year 2011. If you weren’t able to keep up with all the controversy over literary awards this year, you can beef up your knowledge here. This article also summarizes major publications in various fields (such as memoir, biography, politics, and sports) and concludes: “If it was a listless year for fiction, the non-fiction market fared little better.” PBS Newshour offers Conversation: The Year in Fiction, a discussion with Washington Post book critic Ron Charles.

Book lovers are also word lovers. Merriam-Webster, the dictionary people, offer 2011: The Year in Words, a compendium of “Defining Moments: In politics, culture, sports and more, these words spiked in lookups because of events in the news.”

The Christian Science Monitor challenges your knowledge of the year’s highly touted publications with 2011 fiction quiz: Can you recognize the opening line? [Warning: Each individual item is on a separate page, so click at your own risk.]

I’ll be creating my own list of best books read in 2011 and posting it separately. If you have a similar list of your own, you can include a link to it in the comments section.

Finally, if you’d rather focus on the year ahead than on the year past, Christian Science Monitor contributor Rachel Meier has this list of 6 books you should resolve to read in 2012 (one recommendation per page, annoyingly).

Monday Miscellany

Monday, December 19th, 2011

How the literary female detective has changed

In The Christian Science Monitor Randy Dotinga says of Scottish mystery writer Denise Mina:

[she] has become one of the finest mystery writers of the 21st century. Her deeply perceptive grasp on the inner lives of crooks, cops, journalists, and their families has allowed her books to transcend the detective genre.

Asked how fictional female detectives have changed over the past 20 years or so, Mina replied:

At first, they had to act like men, carry guns and punch people – be able to beat people up and engage in fisticuffs. In the mid-1990s, their gender is talked about a lot, and they experienced prejudice. Now you’ve reached the point where a woman is just a different type of detective. You’re not getting information just because you’re a woman; it’s not your superpower anymore. It’s just a fact about who you are.

Document: The Symbolism Survey

In 1963, a sixteen-year-old San Diego high school student named Bruce McAllister sent a four-question mimeographed survey to 150 well-known authors of literary, commercial, and science fiction. Did they consciously plant symbols in their work? he asked. Who noticed symbols appearing from their subconscious, and who saw them arrive in their text, unbidden, created in the minds of their readers? When this happened, did the authors mind?

McAllister had just published his first story, “The Faces Outside,” in both IF magazine and Simon and Schuster’s 1964 roundup of the best science fiction of the year. Confident, if not downright cocky, he thought the surveys could settle a conflict with his English teacher by proving that symbols weren’t lying beneath the texts they read like buried treasure awaiting discovery.

What’s remarkable about this survey, writes Sarah Funke Butler, is that 75 authors responded. This was, of course, in the days before email and the internet. McAllister still has the replies from 65, the other 10 having been lost to “a kleptomaniacal friend.”

This article reproduces the original pages of replies by Jack Kerouac, Norman Mailer, Ayn Rand, John Updike, Ralph Ellison, Saul Bellow, and Ray Bradbury.

The Center for the Book in the Library of Congress

Starting in 1984, the Center for the Book in the Library began to establish affiliate centers in the 50 states. Today, there is a State Center for the Book in all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands. These Center for the Book affiliates carry out the national Center’s mission in their local areas, sponsor programs that highlight their area’s literary heritage and call attention to the importance of books, reading, literacy and libraries. Affiliates must submit an application to become part of — and retain — their Center for the Book status, which is renewable for a three-year period. The Center for the Book has established Guidelines for establishing affiliates and for programming activities. The State Centers gather annually at the Library of Congress for an Idea Exchange Day.

Self-published authors find e-success

USA Today offers yet another testament to the growing popularity of ebooks and to the sea change in the publishing industry that ebooks represent.

Today, authors . . . can bypass traditional publishers. They can digitally format their own manuscript, set a price and sell it to readers through a variety of online retailers and devices. Amazon sells e-books via its Kindle device and on its Kindle app for smartphones and computers. Barnes & Noble sells e-books through its Nook electronic reader device and app. There is also the Sony eReader, Apple’s iPad and Kobo, while Overdrive provides e-books to libraries.

Almost every day brings more digital modes for readers to obtain books in non-print forms, creating more choices for readers, opportunities for self-published writers, and challenges for traditional publishers.

Here are the eye-opening statistics:

According to the Association of American Publishers, e-books grew from 0.6% of the total trade market share in 2008 to 6.4% in 2010, the most recent figures available. Total net revenue for 2010: $878 million with 114 million e-books sold. In adult fiction, e-books are now 13.6% of the market.

Yet, in some cases, the success of ebooks can be a benefit to traditional publishers. Publishers are taking less of a chance if they accept a book that has already proven itself popular through ebook sales.

Monday Miscellany

Monday, December 5th, 2011

When novels change history

As with so many concepts in literature, the French have an elegant word for it: uchronie. For Anglophone readers and writers, we have to make do with such unwieldy terms as “counterfactual novels”, “alternate timelines” and “allohistories” to describe these books. Uchronie is a neologism modelled on Utopia – a “no-time” rather than a “no-place”, used for “what if” books where significant historical events are changed. In its pure form, a uchronic novel involves a specific moment of divergence: in Kingsley Amis’s The Alteration (Philip Pullman fans should check out the winking similarities between Lyra’s universe and Amis’s) it is that the Reformation never happened; in Philip Roth’s The Plot Against America it is that Franklin Roosevelt loses the presidential election of 1940 to Charles Lindbergh. It is a kind of literature that seems to be on the increase – my evidence for this is gut instinct, triggered by reading a spate of them including Michael Chabon’s The Yiddish Policemen’s Union, Andrew Crumey’s Mobius Dick and the trade collection of Geoff Johns’s Flashpoint, but a quick browse around the website Uchronia seemed to confirm the hunch.

Stuart Kelly philosophizes about the current popularity of “what if” novels that, here in the United States, are commonly called alternate histories:  “The novel most frequently cited as uchronia par excellence is Philip K Dick’s The Man In The High Castle, where the Nazis won the second world war (a conceit developed later by Robert Harris in Fatherland).”

In Praise of Book Critics

A big “thank you” to Cynthia Crossen, who, in a column in The Wall Street Journal, acknowledges that a professional book reviewer’s job is harder than it looks:

Critics read heaps of bad books, only some of which they review. They read analytically, so no sinking into a warm bath of contentment. And they inflame influential, articulate people—media-friendly authors and their fans. . . . Good book critics are exceptionally well read and can put a book not only in the context of the writer’s earlier work but also in literary history. They can say if the novel is Dickensian, Rabelaisian, Biblical, Proustian or Shakespearean or none of the above.

Good reviewers also have a conscience. They act in good faith (no personal antagonism or professional jealousy) and are civil and respectful.

My own observation is that professional book critics usually are careful to explain their evaluations instead of baldly stating them without justification. All book reviews ultimately come down to a question of personal taste, but a review that explains its evaluation is more helpful to a reader than one that simply states it. In an age when the internet allows anyone to review anything and everything, it’s helpful to keep such a distinction in mind:

Today, anyone can be a critic, but that doesn’t mean everyone’s opinions are equal. Although I often disagree with professional critics, I’m always interested in how they’ve come to their mistaken conclusions.

But even a detailed review can run into trouble, as the next item demonstrates.

Harvard historian Niall Ferguson threatens suit over bad review

Niall Ferguson, a historian who teaches at Harvard, has responded to a negative review of his book “Civilization: The West and the Rest” with an angry letter and by saying, “Don’t force my hand by forcing me to put it in the hands of lawyers.” The long review, threaded through with analyses of Ferguson’s previous works and related histories, was written by Pankaj Mishra and appeared in the Nov. 3 issue of the London Review of Books

This particular altercation seems to hinge on issues of politics and libel. Read this short article for details of the dialogue the review has produced.

Need Suggestions for the Biblophiles on Your Holiday Gift List?

If you’re still stumped about what to get for your book-loving friends and family this holiday season, here’s some help.

The Christian Science Monitor offers 6 perfect gifts for the book lover in your life. Although this is a small list, it’s diverse enough that you should find something for nearly everybody.

The Seattle Times is a bit more ambitious, with its list of 22 gift books for ardent readers. Book editor Mary Ann Gwinn’s  list includes some unusual categories:

  • architecture
  • bibliophilia
  • crafts/domestic
  • Francophilia
  • geographilia
  • history
  • nature/natural history
  • pure fun

And if you’ve a mind to patronize an independent bookstore, check out Salon’s article America’s beloved independent bookstores.

Monday Miscellany

Monday, November 28th, 2011

Books | Talking Book and Braille Library in Seattle is a volunteer wonder | Seattle Times Newspaper

The Washington Talking Book and Braille Library serves more than 10,000 state residents and runs on the best efforts of 400 volunteers, providing recorded and Braille books for anyone with a disability that prevents them from reading books in a traditional format.

Time Doesn’t Always Fly When You’re Time-Travelling 

Susan K. Perry, Ph. D., reviews Stephen King’s latest novel, 11/22/63, about an attempt to undo the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. She begins her review as follows:

The way I see it, there are at least two kinds of time travel stories. There are those that are science-based, real science fiction. A machine is often involved, and some kind of time-space anomaly is seriously pondered. Then there is what I think of as the romantic genre of time travel. Who needs a machine when you can step through a magic mirror, walk along the sidewalk, or step down an invisible stair?

That last is King’s choice in 11/22/63.

I was drawn in by the title of her blog entry and by this opening, but, in this quite short review, she has very little to say about time travel:

It was an odd choice to have the time traveller having to go back to several years before the main incident. That makes the reading a long haul. History resets with each trip, and when the time traveller says he gets exhausted just thinking about going back again to do things better, so does this reader. The suspense becomes much more keen when we finally get to the assassination scene.

Here’s her conclusion:

King fans: you’ll love it. Time-travel fans: its approach is different enough to make reading it worth the time (unless you’ve got only a month left to live, in which case, find something better to do). Conspiracy theorists: it’s a big book, but it doesn’t break any new ground.

I’ve always liked time travel stories because I find fascinating the questions of what I’d do differently if I had the chance to relive a portion of my life or how I would react if I found myself in a time and place other than my own. I had hoped for some discussion of issues such as these in Perry’s review.

A couple of my favorite time-travel novels are The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger and Kindred by Octavia Butler. Do you have any favorites?

Related Posts:

The Best Literary Fiction Blogs & Websites

Jane Friedman, publishing mogul and college professor, offers ” a list of the best blogs and websites focused on literary fiction and culture.”

Be sure to read the comments, where other people have submitted their own suggestions.

Doctors Should Use Shakespeare’s Plays To Diagnose Patients

The Huffington Post reports on a study by Dr. Kenneth Heaton, a retired gastroenterologist and researcher at the University of Bristol in the U. K. The study investigated how doctors could improve treatment for patients suffering from psychosomatic symptoms. Heaton concluded that doctors should look at Shakespeare’s plays for help in understanding their patients physical manifestations of psychological distress:

Analysis of the Bard’s major works showed the British playwright’s sensibility of the links between emotional distress and physical symptoms.

Hamlet suffers fatigue after the loss of his father, complaining of his “weary, stale, flat and unprofitable” existence, while in King Lear, Gloucester’s despair causes his “senses [to] grow imperfect.”

Heaton hopes that his research, published in the journal Medical Humanities,  “may help lessen the frequent delay in diagnosis for patients suffering from psychosomatic symptoms.”

This Book Is 119 Years Overdue 

The wondrous database that reveals what Americans checked out of the library a century ago

John Plotz admits that thinking about the reading experiences of people in past centuries fascinates him: “I can’t help reading inscriptions, plucking out old bookmarks, decoding faded marginalia. I catch myself wondering who was reading this a century ago, and where, and why?” As a result:

when I learned about What Middletown Read, a database that tracks the borrowing records of the Muncie Public Library between 1891 and 1902, I had some of the same feelings physicists probably have when new subatomic particles show up in their cloud chambers. Could you see how many times a particular book had been taken out? Could you find out when? And by whom? Yes, yes, and yes. You could also find out who those patrons were: their age, race, gender, occupation (and whether that made them blue or white collar, skilled, semi-skilled, or unskilled), and their names and how they signed them.

The database contains information from ledgers discovered in the attic during a renovation of the Muncie Public Library building, which was built in 1904. The collection of ledgers was brought to light by Ball State University English Professor Frank Felsenstein.

But the database is only a jumping-off point for Plotz, who has been trying to follow the life of one Muncie resident, the teenager Louis Bloom, through the library books that he borrowed. The search took Plotz to various genealogy sources. Eventually he was able to track down some of Bloom’s descendants and interview them about their memories of the man Bloom became. Plotz’s enthusiasm for these old records and what they can teach us about cultural history permeates this lively article. I highly recommend it.

10 works of fiction that might change the way you look at nature

Science fiction and fantasy have tackled everything from environmentalist utopias, to horrific industrial disasters that create pollution zombies. Here are ten speculative novels that explore environmental themes, from a variety of political perspectives, that could change the way you look at nature forever.

Read fuller discussions of these 10 works:

  1. Ecotopia, by Ernest Callenbach
  2. The Quiet War, by Paul McAuley
  3. The Color of Distance, by Amy Thomson
  4. Boneshaker, by Cherie Priest
  5. The Lorax, by Doctor Suess
  6. “The Magic Goes Away” by Larry Niven
  7. The Alchemist and The Executioness, by Paolo Bacigalupi and Tobias Buckell
  8. Lilith’s Brood (trilogy), by Octavia Butler
  9. Watermind by M. M. Buckner
  10. Oryx and Crake and Year of the Flood, by Margaret Atwood

 

Monday Miscellany

Monday, November 14th, 2011

Publishing Words: The Future of Books

Writing in The Harvard Crimson, Sofie C. Brooks discusses how the rise of ebooks may change the publishing industry:

What the publishing industry faces right now is a customer base that demands a digital product even as the technology that makes these products possible is still in its early stages of development. Random House has experienced a 200 percent growth in eBook sales this year, and every other company’s sales tell similar tales.

Brooks suggests some ways that authors, publishers, and distributors could work together in the changing world of literary publication.

While there are still those who continue to cling to the beauty of the traditionally printed word, literature is not dependent on its physical form. Unlike an opera or ballet, the words of Dickens, Chaucer, and Shakespeare still ring true even on an electronic screen. The essence of the art is inextinguishable, and the rest may turn out to be just details.

The Talking Cure at Work in Contemporary YA Fiction

We keep hearing that modern society has come to rely on drugs rather than psychotherapy for dealing with mental health issues. But, Kabi Hartman assures us:

Nevertheless, fictional teenagers are still talking to therapists for pages on end. Having now read a growing pile of novels, I can vouch for the fact that teen protagonists are actually having insights and getting better. In fact, the majority of these novels depict psychotherapy as transformative.

Hartman likens the several novels she discusses here to the tradition of religious conversion narratives (think John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress). And she finds hope in the picture that these novels offer, that adolescents can achieve self-knowledge through therapy:

these novels, however rife with soap operatic bad luck and sentimentality, champion the idea that self knowledge emerges in dialogue with a trusted other. Although most of them grind out cookie cutter conversion stories, I cannot be hard on these works. Ultimately, they suggest that engaging with someone else, face to face, is transforming — or, at the very least, provides more scope for plot and character development than popping a pill.

Are Rereadings Better Readings?

Writing in the New Yorker blog “The Book Bench,” Nathaniel Stein looks at the value of rereading books. He refers to “’On Rereading,’ Patricia Meyer Spacks’s charming and strange blend of memoir, literary criticism, and scientific treatise.” After retiring from teaching, Spacks undertook a period of rereading many of the literary milestones of her life.

Spacks’s constant fixation is the paradox of the simultaneous “sameness” and “difference” of rereading—how it is that the words are exactly the same but our perceptions of them so different?

Stein himself is more interested in the question “are rereadings better readings?”

What rereading tells us about ourselves, and how we have evolved intellectually, is as important as what it tells us about the books, Spacks believes. She’s endlessly interested in “how our minds, hearts, experience, personal and cultural situation, or all of the above … have changed since the last time we read those words.”

Stein further writes that Spacks believes rereadings “can reveal unwelcome truths about our past selves, and cause disenchantment—in the most literal sense—with the books we used to love.”

I haven’t read Patricia Spacks’s book, although I have now added it to my ever-growing list of TBR (to be read) books. But Spacks seems to subscribe to the reader-response theory of literature, which posits that readers bring to bear all their past experiences and learning when they read a book. In this respect, then, a rereading of a book could very well differ from the first reading because the reader is now a different person. When we reread a book we originally loved and find out that we now love it less, that realization may say more about us than about the book. I suspect this is what Stein says Spacks means by recognizing “unwelcome truths about our past selves.”

However, the experience may also work in a more positive direction. Whenever I find myself feeling down on humanity, I reread To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Immersing myself in the story of Atticus, Scout, and Jem Finch always reminds me that there are many good and decent people in the world.

How about you? Are there any books that you have enjoyed rereading?

10 Famous Literary Characters and Their Real-Life Inspirations

Here’s an intriguing list. And–surprise!–not all the literary characters are human.

Why is it so hard to review mediocre books?

Thursday, November 10th, 2011

It’s easy to talk about books that are either amazingly good or blatantly bad; we usually have no trouble articulating the points that we either love or loathe. But it’s often hard to find much of anything to say about a book that we think is just so-so, mediocre, ordinary—perhaps the nicest term is unremarkable.

The reason is that most of our reactions while reading occur intuitively or unconsciously—that is, they happen outside of our awareness. It takes something extraordinary—and that something can be either extraordinarily good or extraordinarily bad—to snap us back to attention. But an ordinary book may never do this. As a result, when we’ve finished reading it, we don’t have much to say about it. For those of us who review most books we read, this reaction can be a problem.

One technique I’ve sometimes used to overcome such a situation is to contrast this ordinary book with a similar but extraordinary one. For example, I was once reading a novel that had eight or nine main characters; the structure of the novel comprised individual chapters told from each character’s point of view. I found this novel unremarkable because I couldn’t differentiate among the several characters. I contrasted this book to Barbara Kingsolver’s marvelous The Poisonwood Bible, which features four main characters and chapters with the characters’ alternating points of view. After reading a bit of Poisonwood, any discerning reader can easily tell which character is narrating, even without the chapter headings. The contrast between Kingsolver’s book and the one I was reading allowed me to articulate why this other novel didn’t work: (1) it had too many main characters and (2) the author did not create an identifiable voice for each character—they all sounded alike.

In another example, I recently read a novel that used the narrative technique of a fragmented storyline; that is, the book did not present its plot chronologically, but, as is so popular these days, in seemingly random chunks, labeled by date, that jumped all around in time. I found this very confusing; at the beginning of each small section I had to calculate in my head the amount of time either before or after the pivotal event when this particular action was taking place. I contrasted this novel with The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger and A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan, both of which use the fragmented time technique. In those two books I found the technique effective because the interwoven, nonsequential events were an inherent part of each novel’s meaning; the inter-relation of seemingly random events was part of what drove the novel along, and I therefore had no trouble following and understanding the movement of the action. But in the novel I was currently reading the ordering of events really was random; it was as if the author had written each short section on a separate index card, shuffled the cards, then assembled them, in their shuffled disorder, into a manuscript. This was a technique used for its own sake rather than for an intrinsic, thematic purpose. For this reason the novel’s structure irritated me because it pointlessly made the action hard to follow.

The best fiction engages us emotionally, intellectually, and morally. When a novel fails to engage us, we may have trouble explaining exactly why. Mentally comparing this novel to a better one that uses a similar technique (such as narrative structure or point of view) or has a similar theme may help us pinpoint exactly why the book we’ve just finished is so unremarkable.

Monday Miscellany

Monday, October 31st, 2011

Why is dystopia so appealing to young adults?

A dystopia is an imaginary world in which people live dehumanized lives of fear and subjugation; it’s the opposite of utopia. In this piece YA writer Moira Young examines why distopian novels such as Suzanne Collins’s recent Hunger Games trilogy are so popular with young people:

Books for young people set in a post-apocalyptic or dystopian worlds are not new. Three notable early examples are Madeleine L’Engle’s science fantasy A Wrinkle in Time (1962), William Sleator’s suspense novel House of Stairs (1974) and the politically intriguing The Giver (1993) by Lois Lowry. Some of the big names of the new wave, along with Collins, are British-based American author Patrick Ness, Mortal Engines writer Philip Reeve, and young adult science-fiction novelist Scott Westerfeld. But what is it that attracts teenage readers to dystopian fiction?

Her answer?

Teenagers like to read dystopian fiction because it’s exciting. It all comes down to the story. The story comes first, and the setting – extraordinary though it may be – is of secondary importance.

For the most part, dystopian fiction owes more to myth and fairytale than science fiction. These are essentially heroes’ journeys – they just happen to be set in an imagined future world. The hero, reluctant or willing, is just as likely to be female as male. Something happens – an event, or a messenger arrives bearing news – and the teenage protagonist is catapulted out of their normal existence into the unknown. They cross the threshold into a world of darkness and danger, of allies and enemies, and begin a journey towards their own destiny that will change their world. They will be tested, often to the very edge of death. The stakes are high. The adults are the oppressors. The children are the liberators. It’s heady stuff, far removed from the routine of everyday life.

The outer, global journey of the characters is matched by an inner, emotional and psychological journey. These are no cartoon superheroes. They, like their teen readers, have to deal with recognisable concerns and problems, including friendship, family, betrayal, loss, love, death and sexual awakening.

And in defense of adults who write these stories for adolescents Young says:

These are dark, sometimes bleak stories, but that doesn’t mean they are hopeless. Those of us who write for young people are reluctant to leave our readers without hope. It wouldn’t be right. We always leave a candle burning in the darkness.

And we write good stories. That’s why teenagers read them.

Any successful novel has to be, at its heart, a good story. That what makes books such as George Orwell’s 1984 and Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale so appealing to both young people and adults. We have an innate affinity for stories, which is why children beg for “just one more” bedtime story. And this same natural response to stories allows young adults to recognize the representative nature of these tales instead of being overwhelmed by their darkness. No matter what age we are, we all learn from these stories. That is the beauty and the power of narrative.

Why Should The Reader Care About Your Story?

And, from the other end of the pen, here’s more on story. Writer Jim Gilliam explains how a harsh critique from a novelist forced him to reread his novel in progress as the reader rather than as the writer. He asked himself, “As a reader why should I care about this?”

I write for my readers and if I’ve placed the reader in the scene with my protagonist and the reader feels the same things that he does, and the reader fears for his life, and vicariously for their own, then I have accomplished my ultimate goal and the reader has paid me the greatest compliment by staying with me until the end of the tale.

You can use this same criterion when you read a novel. If you find that the novel isn’t pulling you in, the reason often lies in the writer’s inability to put you inside the character’s mind and heart.

In praise of easy reads

This piece by John Self comes from the U. K. newspaper The Guardian, which is why the introduction deals with the recent kerfuffle over the Man Booker Prize. But if that means nothing to you, you can skip down a bit further, to Self’s discussion of readability, which “essentially means ‘not too hard going’.” A book with readability is “something that slips down effortlessly.”

And here’s Self’s recommendations of books that have readability as well as literary merit:

The Doctor’s Wife by Brian Moore
The Cry of the Owl by Patricia Highsmith
Journey into Fear by Eric Ambler
Trauma by Patrick McGrath

These Are the Greatest Geek Books of All Time, Readers Say

Wired.com published its own list of “9 Essential Geek Books You Must Read Right Now,” a link to which you’ll find at the beginning of this article. Here, Wired.com readers have produced their own list:

  1. Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert Heinlein
  2. Brave New World by Aldous Huxley
  3. 1984 by George Orwell
  4. Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman! by Richard Feynman
  5. I, Robot by Isaac Asimov
  6. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick
  7. Cosmos by Carl Sagan
  8. Dune by Frank Herbert
  9. A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking

I don’t consider myself a geek by any means, so I was surprised to discover that I’ve read 5 of the books on this list. I really hated Stranger in a Strange Land, but I DID read it.